Data, code, and materials

The policy follows the principle as open as possible and as restricted as necessary. Original research articles must include an availability statement.

Statement options

• Data deposited in a trusted repository, with a link and persistent identifier where available.
• Data included in the article or supplementary files.
• Data available on reasonable request, with conditions explained.
• Data restricted for privacy, ethics, contract, intellectual property, or security reasons.
• No new data were generated.
• Third-party data subject to access conditions.

Sensitive data need not be made public. Restrictions must be described without disclosing protected information.

Code and software

When a study depends on software, authors should report the version, repository, license, dependencies, documentation, and test data where possible. Code should be sufficient to understand or reproduce the procedure within reasonable limits.

Reproducibility and materials

Instruments, protocols, and supplementary materials should be documented and cited. Repositories should provide persistence, metadata, clear access conditions, and preferably persistent identifiers.